The Anatomical Mechanics of Swallowing

Pharyngeal Stage: laryngeal closure, velopharyngeal closure, pharyngeal peristalsis, laryngeal elevation, epiglottic movement, trachea. The 3 cranial nerves that atomic number 18 touch.

Esophageal Stage: Esophageal Peristalsis, Involuntary neural control, esophageal sphincters.

Abnormal run through mechanism, possible damages to nerves and muscles involved in swallowing, i.e. cerebral palsy, Parkinson's, stroke, head injury, Head and Neck Cancer, transmission system in Esophagus, Alzheimer's, and CVA, etc. can be responsible for Dysphagia. However, I will focus on ALS which has two forms, spinal anesthesia and bulbar, and the CVA.

V. Conclusions: It is important to have a good understanding of swallow anatomy, physiology, and the normal swallow in order to understand and pass over the problems with swallowing- a very important function of human life.

Bosma, J., Bartner, H.: Ligaments of the larynx and the Adjacent throat and

Esophagus. Dysphagia 8: 23-28 (1993).

Bosma, J., Donner, M., Tanaka, E., Robertson, D.: Anatomy of the Pharynx, Pertinent to

Swallowing. Dysphagia 1: 23-33 (1986).

Hendrix, T. : Coordination of Peristalsis in Pharynx and Esophagus. Dysphagia 8: 74-

of North America 21: 613-623 (1988).

Robbins, J.A., Nicosia, M., Hind, J.A., Gill, G.D., Blanco, R., & Logemann, J.A. (2002).

A squad Approach. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group.

Mittal, B. B., Pierce, M.: Swallowing and Tongue Function Following discussion for

Chapey (Ed.), Language intervention strategies in adult aphasia (pp. 437-443). Williams & Wilkins.

Dodds, Wylie: The Physiology of Swallowing. Dysphagia 3: 171-178 (1989).

Logemann, J.: Screening, Diagnosis, and commission of Neurogenic Dysphagia.

Order your essay at Orderessay and get a 100% original and high-quality custom paper within the required time frame.