Tensile Introduction

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to tensile Testing
TENSILE TESTS argon performed for several reasons. The results of malleable tests are used in selecting cloths for engineering applications. ductile properties oft are included in material speci?cations to ensure quality. Tensile properties ofttimes are mensural during development of new materials and processes, so that different materials and processes offer be compared. Finally, tensile properties often are used to predict the behavior of a material beneath forms of loading other than uniaxial tension. The strength of a material often is the primary concern. The strength of interest may be measured in terms of either the sieve necessary to case appreciable plastic deformation or the maximum stress that the material loafer withstand. These measures of strength are used, with appropriate reprove (in the form of safety factors), in engineering design. Also of interest is the materials ductility, which is a measure of how much it can be deformed before it fractures. Rarely is ductility interconnected directly in design; rather, it is included in material speci?cations to ensure quality and toughness. Low ductility in a tensile test often is accompanied by outset resistance to fracture under other forms of loading.



Elastic properties as well may be of interest, but special techniques must be used to measure these properties during tensile testing, and more accurate measurements can be made by ultrasonic techniques. This chapter provides a outline overview of some of the more important topics associated with tensile testing. These include:
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Tensile specimens and test machines Stress-strain curves, including discussions of elastic versus plastic deformation, yield points, and ductility ? confessedly stress and strain ? Test methodology and data compendium It should be noted that subsequent chapters contain more little information on these topics. Most notably, the following chapters should be referred to:
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